AVCJ & SVCA Private Equity Forum 2025
The premier private equity & venture forum in Singapore
The Fairmont Singapore & Online
2024 Forum Demographics
Benefits of attending include:
- Network: Meet a diverse and powerful group of international LPs, GPs and advisors
- New LPs: Connect with private wealth and family offices that are actively committing capital to alternatives
- Southeast Asia: Learn how GPs are driving alpha across portfolios and the outlook for deals
- Regional view: Discover how to navigate the macroeconomic and political issues effecting private investors in 2025
- Fundraising: Hear tips and tricks for fundraising in a tough environment
- Exits: Explore the alternative liquidity options GPs are utilising to provide returns
Snapshot of the LPs & GPs who attended in 2024 include:
- 500 Global
- Abu Dhabi Investment Authority
- Adams Street Partners
- Advantage Partners
- Affinity Equity Partners
- Affirma Capital
- Albourne Partners
- Allianz Global Investors
- AlpInvest Partners
- APG Asset Management
- Apollo Global Management
- Ares Management
- Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
- Axiom Asia
- Bain Capital
- BlackRock
- Blackstone
- Blume Ventures Advisors
- BPEA EQT
- Brookfield
- CDH Investments
- China Ping An Insurance Overseas (Holdings)
- ChrysCapital
- CITIC Capital Partners
- Coller Capital
- CPPIB
- Development Bank of Japan
- DigitalBridge
- Employees Provident Fund
- EQT
- Everstone Group
- Fullerton Fund Management Company
- Gaja Capital
- General Atlantic
- GIC
- Golden Vision Capital
- Great Eastern Life
- Hamilton Lane
- Hanwha Life Insurance
- HarbourVest Partners (Asia)
- Hillhouse Investment Management
- Hong Kong Monetary Authority
- HOPU Investments
- Iconiq Capital
- IFM Investors
- International Finance Corporation
- Japan Post Bank
- JP Morgan Asset Management
- Kedaara Capital
- Khazanah Nasional Berhad
- KKR
- Korea Investment Corporation
- Kumpulan Wang Persaraan (Diperbadankan)
- Leong Family Trust
- Manulife Investment Management
- Marubeni Corporation
- Monetary Authority of Singapore
- Morgan Stanley
- Mubadala
- Murphy Family Office
- National Investment & Infrastructure Fund
- National Pension Service
- Navis Capital Partners
- North-East Private Equity
- Northstar Group
- NTUC Income Insurance Cooperative
- NUS Investment Office
- OMERS
- Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan
- ORIX Life Insurance Corporation
- Partners Group
- Pavilion Capital
- Pension Fund of Japanese Corporations
- Qatar Investment Authority
- ShawKwei & Partners
- Siguler Guff
- StepStone Group
- Sumitomo Mitsui Trust Bank
- Tata Capital Growth Fund
- Temasek International
- The Norinchukin Bank
- TPG Capital
- Trustar Capital
...and many more!
2024 Sponsors
Lead Sponsor
Navis Capital Partners
http://www.naviscapital.comNavis Capital Partners was founded in 1998 in order to make private equity investments in buyouts, recapitalisations and financial restructurings in Asia, particularly on enterprises with a strong presence in Southeast Asia.
Navis acquires control of its portfolio companies. Since its founding, Navis has made over 75 controlling investments most of which have been completed with little reliance on acquisition finance. All Navis’ companies are leaders or near leaders in their fields. Industries/segments in which Navis has invested include food processing, fast food/casual dining, industrial products, fast moving consumer goods, outdoor advertising, auto rentals, consultancy and professional services, amongst others.
The firm contributes both capital and management expertise to its portfolio companies with the objective of directing strategic, operational and financial improvements, typically through initiatives that drive growth, margin improvement and asset efficiency. Navis’ investment model places a low reliance on leverage to drive its equity returns.
The firm manages several private and public equity capital commitments totaling ~USD 5 billion, and whose investors include a number of well-known US, European, Middle Eastern and Asian commercial and investment banks, pension funds, insurance companies, corporations, foundations, as well as a number of high net worth individuals and family offices. Navis has one of the largest private equity professional team in Asia, comprising more than 70 individuals, supported by 40 administrative staff, in six offices across the region.
Asia Series Sponsor
KPMG Singapore
http://www.kpmg.com.sg/privateequityKPMG is a global organization of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Limited, a private English company limited by guarantee. The network adopts a global approach to client needs that spans professional disciplines, industries, sectors and national borders.
Our global network consists of 219,000 people in member firms in 147 countries and territories. In Singapore, our practice is organized around our Audit, Tax and Advisory practices.
In the ASEAN region, KPMG member firms operate across all 10 countries. Our industry focus helps KPMG firms’ professionals develop a rich understanding of clients' businesses and the insight, skills and resources required to address industry-specific issues and opportunities.
Our dedicated Private Equity (PE) group in ASEAN comprises leading transaction advisory, deal origination, portfolio value creation and mergers and acquisitions (M&A) Tax professionals. We firmly believe in accompanying portfolio companies throughout their investment lifecycle. Our value creation professionals specialise in working closely with the management of companies to embed best practices, improve operating and financial performance and build value prior to exit. We also help organisations prepare for an IPO and manage the sales process to enhance value upon exit.
Co-Sponsors
AC Ventures
https://acv.vcAC Ventures (ACV) is a top Southeast Asian venture capital firm that invests in early-stage startups focused on Indonesia and ASEAN, with over US$500 million in assets under management.
The firm empowers entrepreneurs with more than capital by combining operational experience, industry knowledge, deep local networks, and resources. ACV's team has invested in over 120 regional tech companies since 2012.
With a team of more than 35 professionals led by Adrian Li, Michael Soerijadji, Helen Wong, and Pandu Sjahrir, it has offices in Jakarta and Singapore.
Adams Street Partners
http://www.adamsstreetpartners.comAdams Street Partners is a global private markets investment manager with investments in more than thirty countries across five continents. Adams Street’s 90+ investment professionals focus on five strategies: primary fund partnerships, secondary transactions, co-investments, direct growth equity company investments, and private credit deals. Adams Street strives to generate actionable investment insights across market cycles by drawing on 50 years of private markets experience, proprietary intelligence, and trusted relationships. The firm is 100% employee-owned and has $51 billion in assets under management. Adams Street maintains a worldwide presence with offices in Austin, Beijing, Boston, Chicago, London, Menlo Park, Munich, New York, Seoul, Singapore, and Tokyo.
Affirma Capital
http://www.affirmacapital.comAffirma Capital is an independent emerging market private equity firm owned and operated by the long-standing senior leadership of Standard Chartered Private Equity. We manage over US$3.2 billion in assets for leading global limited partners and sovereign wealth funds.
We help build and nurture national and regional champions by investing in companies backed by strong management teams and founders. Throughout our 20-year history of investing in emerging markets, we have deployed over US$6 billion in 100+ companies across Asia, Africa and the Middle East and have returned over US$6 billion in cash proceeds to our investors at highly attractive rates of return. Our senior leadership spent over 11 years working together at Standard Chartered Private Equity prior to founding Affirma Capital.
Our investment philosophy, focused on selective origination, disciplined deal structuring and intensive portfolio management, has helped us build a superior track record with realized returns at a significant premium to the MSCI Emerging markets index.
Alea Consulting
https://alea.asiaAlea Consulting specializes in providing due diligence research and consulting services focused on reputation, integrity, compliance, and ethics for potential investee entities and their senior professionals.
Our mission is to become the premier provider of risk mitigation and investigative consulting services, leveraging innovative technology and automation. With proprietary technology supporting our in-house research capabilities and a unique and trusted pan-India and international network, we have been assisting the investor community for over 20 years.
We maintain a comprehensive due diligence process that encompasses regulatory compliance, enforcement, litigation, PEP, CFT, terrorist lists, global sanctions, and domestic blacklist and watchlist checks, as well as adverse media reviews.
We deliver accurate, timely, and actionable intelligence to empower clients to make informed decisions and mitigate risk effectively.
To discover more about how Alea Consulting can benefit your business, please visit our website or reach out to us at bd@alea.asia.
Alois Ventures
http://www.alois.ventures/Alois Ventures is a Singapore based venture capital firm incorporated in 2019 by Louis Ryu, the founder/CEO. Louis Ryu founded Alois Ventures based on the 10 years of experience in global startup investment. He started his career starting from the field of M&A advisory in 2009 and had an opportunity to work at the venture capital firm in Korea. After, he moved to Korean government organization and led startup consulting and accelerating programs. In 2015, he founded an accelerator firm in Korea named Shift and led Korean startup industry as an expert of Southeast Asia market penetration. Based on the experience, Alois Ventures is taking a role as a fund manager of the funds investing in global startups, especially in Southeast Asian companies.
Currently, Alois Ventures is the co-GP of the Guardian Scaleup Fund I launched in 2020 and preparing for the next fund to launch at the end of November 2023. Both funds are led by a team of highly experienced investment professionals who are dedicated to identifying and investing in high-growth companies with the potential to generate significant returns for investors. Its team brings together a diverse set of skills and experiences, including extensive expertise in venture capital investing, investment analysis, portfolio management, and strategic planning.
Alvarez & Marsal
http://www.alvarezandmarsal.comCompanies, investors and government entities around the world turn to Alvarez & Marsal (A&M) for leadership, action and results. Privately held since its founding in 1983, A&M is a leading global professional services firm that provides advisory, business performance improvement and turnaround management services. When conventional approaches are not enough to create transformation and drive change, clients seek our deep expertise and ability to deliver practical solutions to their unique problems.
With over 10,000 people across six continents, we deliver tangible results for corporates, boards, private equity firms, law firms and government agencies facing complex challenges. Our senior leaders, and their teams, leverage A&M’s restructuring heritage to help companies act decisively, catapult growth and accelerate results. We are experienced operators, world-class consultants, former regulators and industry authorities with a shared commitment to telling clients what is really needed for turning change into a strategic business asset, managing risk and unlocking value at every stage of growth.
To learn more, visit alvarezandmarsal.com. Follow A&M on LinkedIn, Twitter and Facebook.
Apex Group
https://www.apexgroup.comApex Group Ltd., established in Bermuda in 2003, is a global financial services provider. With over 80 offices worldwide and 11,000 employees in 38 countries, Apex Group delivers an expansive range of services to asset managers, financial institutions, private clients and family offices. The Group has continually improved and evolved its capabilities to offer a single-source solution through establishing the broadest range of services in the industry; including fund services, digital onboarding and bank accounts, depositary, custody, super ManCo services, corporate services including HR and Payroll and a pioneering ESG Ratings and Advisory solution. Apex Group’s purpose is to be more than just a financial services provider and is committed to driving positive change to address three core areas; the Environment and Climate Change, Women’s Empowerment and Economic Independence, Education and Social Mobility.
ChrysCapital
http://www.chryscapital.comFounded in 1999, ChrysCapital is one of the largest and most established India-focused private equity firms. By any measure, ChrysCapital’s track record is one the strongest in the context of Indian private equity – $4 billion raised across 8 funds, 86 investments, and 67 full exits. The firm has fully realized five successive funds on schedule with strong US$ net returns, which is unprecedented not just in India, but potentially also emerging markets in general. Overall, ChrysCapital has invested $3.0 billion and realized $5.3 billion, which equates to a disproportionately high share of total PE realizations from India. The firm has achieved all this while maintaining one of the lowest loss ratios and fee drags in the industry (~15% fee-to-invested capital vs 20-25% for the industry).
Coller Capital
http://www.collercapital.comColler Capital, founded in 1990, is one of the world's leading investors in the secondary market for private assets – and widely acknowledged as an innovator at the complex end of secondaries.
The firm provides liquidity solutions to private markets investors worldwide, acquiring interests in private equity, private credit, and other private markets assets. With headquarters in London, and offices in New York and Hong Kong, Coller’s multinational investment team has a truly global reach.
In January 2021, the firm closed Coller International Partners VIII, with committed capital (including co-investment vehicles) of just over $9 billion and backing from over 200 of the world’s leading institutional investors.
In February 2022 the firm closed Coller Credit Opportunities I, with committed capital (including co-investment vehicles) of c.$1.4 billion and backing from over 30 institutional investors.
CVC
https://www.cvc.com/CVC Capital
CVC is a leading private equity and investment advisory firm with a network of 25 offices throughout Europe, Asia and the US, with approximately €137 billion of assets under management. CVC has six complementary strategies across private equity, secondaries and credit, for which we have secured commitments in excess of €165 billion from some of the world's leading institutional investors across its private equity and credit strategies. Funds managed or advised by CVC are invested in over 100 companies worldwide, which have combined annual sales of approximately €100 billion and employ more than 550,000 people. For further information about CVC please visit: www.cvc.com. Follow us on LinkedIn.
CVC Asia
CVC has one of the largest and longest-established pan-regional office networks of any private equity business in Asia and has been active in the region since 1999. CVC's Asia private equity strategy is focused on control, co-control and structured minority investments in high quality businesses in core consumer and services sectors across Asia. Typical enterprise values are between $250 million and $1.5 billion. For further information about CVC’s Asia Pacific funds please visit: www.cvc.com/private-equity/asia.
East Ventures
https://east.vc/East Ventures is a pioneering and leading sector-agnostic venture capital firm headquartered in Singapore. Founded in 2009, East Ventures has transformed into a holistic platform that provides multi-stage investment, including Seed and Growth for over 300 companies in Southeast Asia.
An early believer in the startup ecosystem in Indonesia, East Ventures is the first investor of Indonesia's unicorn companies, namely Tokopedia and Traveloka. Other notable companies in the portfolio include Ruangguru, SIRCLO, Kudo (acquired by Grab), Loket (acquired by Gojek), Tech in Asia, Xendit, IDN Media, MokaPOS (acquired by Gojek), ShopBack, KoinWorks, Waresix, and Sociolla.
East Ventures was named the most consistent top performing VC fund globally by Preqin, and the most active investor in SEA and Indonesia by various media. Moreover, East Ventures is the first venture capital in Indonesia to sign the Principles of Responsible Investment (PRI), supported by the United Nations (UN). East Ventures is committed to achieving sustainable development and bringing positive impacts to society through its initiatives and ESG-embedded practices.
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/eastventures/
EQT
https://eqtgroup.comEQT is a purpose-driven global investment organization focused on active ownership strategies. With a Nordic heritage and a global mindset, EQT has a track record of almost three decades of delivering consistent and attractive returns across multiple geographies, sectors and strategies. Uniquely, EQT is the only large private markets firm in the world with investment strategies covering all phases of a business’ development, from start-up to maturity. EQT today has more than EUR 112 billion in assets under management including BPEA EQT across 45+ active funds within three business segments – Private Capital, BPEA EQT and Real Assets.
With its roots in the Wallenberg family’s entrepreneurial mindset and philosophy of long-term ownership, EQT is guided by a set of strong values and a distinct corporate culture. EQT manages and advises funds and vehicles that invest across the world with the mission to future-proof companies, generate attractive returns and make a positive impact with everything EQT does.
In October 2022 EQT combined with BPEA Asia to create BPEA EQT combines the private equity teams from Baring Private Equity Asia (BPEA) and EQT Asia, creating a comprehensive Asian private equity presence with local teams in eight cities across the region, a 25-year heritage, and more than USD 25 billion of capital deployed since inception.
Private Capital comprises six business lines: EQT Private Equity, EQT Future, EQT Ventures, EQT Life Sciences, EQT Growth and EQT Public Value. The Private Capital segment has grown rapidly and has EUR 68.2 billion in assets under management as of December 2022.
Real Assets – The Real Assets’ business segment comprises three business lines: EQT Infrastructure, EQT Active Core Infrastructure and EQT Exeter. The Real Asset segment has EUR 44.2 billion in assets under management as of December 2022.
Jungle Ventures
https://www.jungle.vcJungle Ventures is a Singapore-based venture capital firm focused on early to growth-stage companies in Southeast Asia and India, with a focus on building long lasting businesses. Established in 2012, Jungle has built a leading investment firm of 40 seasoned professionals strategically positioned across offices in Indonesia, Vietnam, Singapore, and India. With its fourth fund in 2022, the firm now manages over $1B in Assets Under Management (AUM).
Jungle partners with the region's most exciting founders to build high growth, capital-efficient technology businesses, and supports their growth from seed to unicorn, and IPO stage. Its portfolio includes regional and global category leaders like Kredivo Group, Moglix, Livspace, Builder.ai, Atomberg, and more.
Lazard
https://www.lazard.comLazard, one of the world's preeminent financial advisory and asset management firms, operates from 40 cities across 25 countries in North America, Europe, Asia, Australia, Central and South America. With origins dating to 1848, the firm provides advice on mergers and acquisitions, strategic matters, restructuring and capital structure, capital raising and corporate finance, as well as asset management services to corporations, partnerships, institutions, governments and individuals.
Linnovate Partners
https://www.linnovatepartners.comLinnovate Partners is a leading asset services provider focused on driving innovation in the alternative investments industry. With expertise across the entire fund lifecycle, Linnovate Partners goes beyond traditional fund administration to provide value-added services and technologies that empower asset and fund managers to excel in their operations. Its six core service areas include:
- Fund Administration
- Investor Relations
- Regulatory Compliance
- Portfolio Monitoring
- Reporting Services
- Consulting Services
Powering these services is a proprietary, cloud-based platform, RAISE, that provides all the functions of alternative investing in a single ecosystem and enables seamless integration and accessibility. With offices globally, Linnovate Partners currently administers over $120 billion in assets across more than 600 private equity and venture capital funds. As an innovation-focused disruptor, Linnovate Partners combines deep industry expertise and the latest technologies to drive better outcomes for alternative investment managers and investors worldwide.
Madison India Capital
http://www.madison-india.comMadison India Capital is one of India's leading independent private investment firms. Since its inception more than ten years ago, the firm has generated more than $1 billion in value, including distributions to fund of funds, financial institutions, pension funds, secondary funds, and family offices.
The firm offers liquidity to shareholders of exceptional companies and partners with both private equity managers as well as ambitious management teams of portfolio companies. Madison India Capital has been the trusted liquidity partner to top decile venture capital firms, private equity firms, founders and employees. The firm has provided liquidity to over 450 parties in India and Southeast Asia since inception.
The firm takes an active role where helpful and works collaboratively with other investors to help management achieve its growth plans. The firm has offices in Delhi, Singapore and Mauritius.
Norton Rose Fulbright
https://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/enNorton Rose Fulbright is a global legal practice. We provide the world’s pre-eminent corporations and financial institutions with a full business law service. We have more than 3,700 lawyers based in 57 cities across Europe, the United States, Canada, Latin America, Asia, Australia, Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia.
Recognized for our industry focus, we are strong across all the key industry sectors: financial institutions; energy, infrastructure and resources; transport; technology; life sciences and healthcare; and consumer markets.
Wherever we are, we operate in accordance with our global business principles of quality, unity and integrity. We aim to provide the highest possible standard of legal service in each of our offices and to maintain that level of quality at every point of contact.
Norton Rose Fulbright LLP, Norton Rose Fulbright Australia, Norton Rose Fulbright Canada LLP, Norton Rose Fulbright South Africa Inc. and
Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP, each of which is a separate legal entity, are members (‘the Norton Rose Fulbright members’) of Norton Rose
Fulbright Verein, a Swiss Verein. Norton Rose Fulbright Verein helps coordinate the activities of the Norton Rose Fulbright members but does not itself provide legal services to clients.
Openspace Ventures
https://www.openspace.vcOpenspace Ventures focuses on early and growth-stage investments in Southeast Asian technology companies. Since launching in 2014, Openspace now manages 6 funds with total committed capital of US$800M from global investors. It has consistently shown a strong track record and emphasized experienced on-ground regional coverage and tech operations capabilities. Openspace has invested in 54 companies across the region including Gojek, Halodoc, Biofourmis, Kredivo, Kumu and Pluang. It operates out of offices in Singapore, Jakarta, Bangkok, Ho Chi Minh City and Manila with a team of 39 people representing 12 different nationalities and speaking 11 languages.
ShawKwei & Partners
http://www.shawkwei.comShawKwei & Partners is an international private equity fund manager based in Hong Kong, Singapore, Shanghai and San Francisco. We have been investing across Asia, the USA, and Europe for over 30 years and understand the challenges facing companies competing in today’s global markets.
We invest with mid-market industrial and service businesses capitalizing on ShawKwei’s core strengths: detailed and insightful analysis, operational skills, and transformation experience to drive business profitability and capital efficiency. ShawKwei’s partnership with management is pivotal to transforming and improving those investments.
We take significant ownership stakes in our investments coupled with our disciplined and hands-on management to assist portfolio companies to build better business and achieve long-term success. The ShawKwei strategy, methods and practices are specially crafted for businesses operating across Asia, Europe, and USA.
TH Capital
http://www.thcapital.com.cnTH Capital was founded in 2007 as part of Tsinghua University ecosystem in Beijing. Owned and managed by the founding partners, the company has become a leading GP in China, investing growth capital in China’s most innovative and advanced high-tech companies. To date, TH Capital has invested minority shares in over 100 rapidly growing and highly profitable hard-tech companies across China, financing their development in their home market and beyond.
Based on 15 years of track record as an investor in industrial high-tech, our investment focus and ability are aligned with China’s top-level development goals, concentrating on Advanced Manufacturing, Next-Generation Technologies, Decarbonization and Frontier Technologies.
Investors in TH Capital’s funds include leading private market asset managers and financial institutions from China and abroad. Our 50 investment and research professionals execute our investment model based on proprietary in-house top-down industry research and unique resources of the Tsinghua ecosystem. With China Roots and a global vision, we have built strong value-add capabilities in China and abroad, supporting portfolio companies from offices in Beijing, Shenzhen and Zurich. Understanding the regulatory impact and strategic direction of China, TH Capital has developed an investment model investing across China’s strategic high-tech industries and exits its investment through IPOs on the stock exchanges in China.
With AUM exceeding RMB 20bn across 5 funds raised, TH Capital is raising its first USD fund in 2023 to provide international investors with unique access to the biggest growth investment opportunities across China’s high-tech industries.
TPG NewQuest
http://www.nqcap.comTPG NewQuest is a leading dedicated secondary private equity platform focused on the Asia-Pacific region with offices in Singapore, Hong Kong, Beijing, Mumbai and Shenzhen. TPG NewQuest specializes in providing strategic liquidity solutions to private equity asset owners, including private equity funds, financial institutions, corporations, hedge funds and family offices. TPG NewQuest was established in 2011 and currently manages five funds and associated co-investment vehicles with capital commitments of over US$2.9 billion. TPG NewQuest is wholly owned by TPG, Inc. a leading global alternative asset management firm with US$135 billion in assets under management.
VC Legal Sponsor
Cooley
http://www.cooley.comCooley LLP is an international law firm representing clients in a wide range of industries. Cooley has more than 1,500 lawyers across 17 offices in Asia, Europe and the United States. The firm represents 6,000+ high-growth new economy companies, 500+ venture fund families and closes over 2,000 venture and growth investments per year.
In Asia, Cooley has offices in Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong and Singapore. Cooley is broadly recognized for its powerhouse technology, life sciences and venture capital practices. We represent some of Asia’s most innovative and dynamic companies and leading investors, advising on their financings, M&As and joint ventures, IPOs and other strategic transactions at all stages of their growth.
Our dedication to Asia's fund industry is unparalleled and unrivaled by any other law firm. Cooley has been advising on Asia-related matters over three decades, dating back to 1989, when the firm advised on the formation of the first institutional venture capital fund investing in China. Today, we are counsel to more than 500 private investment fund organizations worldwide, including more than 90 fund managers with their primary operations in China and other Asia countries and numerous other managers outside of the region making investments in portfolio companies in Asia. We form considerably more dollar-denominated Asia venture capital and growth equity funds in dollar terms than any other law firm worldwide. We have a team of more than 40 specialist fund formation lawyers and dozens of other practitioners dedicated to serving our clients headquartered and doing business in Asia. Multiple members of our team are Mandarin-speaking, Chinese native fund formation specialists who assist our China funds clients and their investors in both USD and RMB fund formation matters.
Networking Coffee Break Sponsor
Intralinks
https://www.intralinks.comIntralinks, an SS&C company, is a leading financial technology provider for the global dealmaking, alternative investments and capital markets communities. As pioneers of the virtual data room, our technology enables and secures the flow of information, empowering our customers to work more productively and with complete confidence. Intralinks facilitates strategic initiatives such as mergers and acquisitions, corporate lending, debt sales, capital raising and investor reporting. Our solutions enhance these activities by streamlining operations, reducing risk, improving client experiences and increasing visibility. We’ve earned the trust and business of more than 99 percent of the Global Fortune 500 and have executed over $35 trillion in financial transactions on our platform.